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During the period of limitation of the maximum mass of cars (1902-1906 year.) Ability to build light and powerful cars had been brought to a high degree of perfection.
Widely used in steel alloys and lightweight silapt, practiced by drilling numerous holes to facilitate that gave frames and other details lacy appearance. At the same time, it was noted that the size and power-dong,
. The maximum speed of the best examples of 1000 kg car reached 150 km / h.
Assuming that the technical capabilities of a given mass of cars have been exhausted; the ACF in 1907 introduced a racing formula that is based on restricting the flow of fuel. The idea of such a formula is reduced to the issuance of the same stock of energy contained in fuel, all the competitors. Top wins the one who for the most short time be able to turn into useful work most of the possible amount of energy given to it, in other words, get the best efficiency at maximum speed. Until now, many of the technical authorities are considering this method of regulation of motor racing as the only correct one. As the rate of fuel consumption appointed 30 l per 100 km. Such a rule has helped to keep the big 12-15-liter engines, although some firms have found it necessary to reduce the displacement, for fear of getting stuck in transit due to lack of fuel. Winner of the "Fiat" after the race kept the rest of 11l of gasoline a second, "Reno", -30 l, third, 'Brazier', - 38 liters. In formula racing in 1908 reflected an increase in trend long divergence engines (increase in the ratio SID). The requirements of the formula are reduced to limit the diameter of the cylinder at full freedom of choice of the stroke. For the four-cylinder engines £> max = 155 mm, six-cylinder - 127.6 mm and eight-cylinder - 110 mm. These values give the same total area of the pistons. In order to avoid undue weight savings vehicle was in the lowest weight - 1,100 kg (not filled car). In choosing the ratio of the diameter of the designers expressed caution: most engines SID little greater than unity, unlike in previous years, when the SID was less than one for low engine weight.
By this time is the beginning of the application on racing engines, the upper valves in combination with hemispherical combustion chambers ("Benz", "Clement-Bayar"). At the same time widely introduced into the practice of magneto ignition high voltage to the spark. In 1909-1911. Grand Prix race at the ACF did not take place due to disagreements which have arisen in compiling the race of the formula and the lack of sufficient support from car manufacturers.
In 1912, ACE was forced to use "free formula", i.e., to refuse any technical limitations, was to collect the minimum number of participants and conduct at least some races. Of technical improvements, we note removable wheels of the "Wit Rudzh - Worth", reducing to a minimum the time needed to replace damaged tires. The car "Peugeot" had four overhead valves per cylinder controlled by two overhead camshafts, positioned above the head. This pattern continues to this day remains a characteristic feature of the racing engine.
Fighting between supporters of the chain and gear drive line ended in favor of the second 14-liter "Fiat" was the last car with a chain drive in the races. |
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